सामाजीक परिचालन र समूह गठन

 

;fdflhs kl/rfng

@>Leujfg 7fs'/

kl/ro

       xfd|f] b]zsf hgtf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kn] lk5l8Psf] cj:yf ljwdfg /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]z ufp+ g} ufp+n] el/Psf],ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] cefj, r]tgfsf] cefj, ef}uf]lns las6tf, ;fdflhs lje]bsf] ;fy} ef}lts tyf dfgljo >f]t ;fwgsf] sld cflb sf/0fn] u/LaLsf] rk]6fn] hs8]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] b]zsf] u/LaL 36fpg ljleGg sfndf ljleGg of]hgf, kl/of]hgf, cfof]hgf, sfo{qmdx? nfu' ePsf] jf sfof{gjogdf klg /x]sf] 5 . tL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx?n] u|fld0f hgtfsf] hLjg :t/ psf:g g} nflu k/]sf] 5 .tL ljsf;sfo{x? ;fdflhs kl/rfng k4lt dfkm{t g} hgtf ;Dd k'\Øfpg k|of;/t 5g . ;d'bfonfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf kl/rfng ug{ ;s] yf]/} ;dodf, sd vr{sf, 7"nf] If]qdf  tyf ;/n t/Lsfn] ljsf;sf s'g} sfo{qmd bLuf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .

       slknj:t' lhNnfdf klg ljutdf tyf jt{dfgsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf dfkm{t  u|fld0f If]qsf hgtfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf ug{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{ ;zQm ?kdf ePsf] jf eO /x]sf] 5 . t/ ;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/df vf;} k|efj kfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fdflhs kl/rfng k|lqmof ljlwjt k|of]u  gePsf] sf/0fn] klg ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx? ;zQm, :yfoL, ;+:yfut tyf bLuf] ?kdf ug{ ;s]sf] ;d'bfo tyf ;d"x Go"g g} xf]nf . ljsf; sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ ufp+ ufp+df ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfdfkm{t ljleGg gfdn] ;d"xx? vf]lnPsf 5g t/ tL ;d"xx? :jfy{j; 5l0fs kmfObf tyf cj;/ pkef]u ug]{ p2]Zon] vf]lnPsf], hxf+ Pp6} 3/sf #÷$ hgf Pp6} ;d"xdf jf Pp6} JolQm #÷$;d"xdf cfj4 x'g] k/Dk/f /x]sf] n] clwsf+z ljsf; sfo{qmdx? p2]Zo cg'?k k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . kmn:j?k ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ If]qx?M lzIff, :jf:Yo,ef}lts k"jf{wf/ nufPt s[lif,l;+rfO, kz', jg jftfj/0f cflb sfo{x? ug{ s'zn t/lsfn] ;d"x kl/rfng tyf ljlwjt ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] lgtfGt cfjZoQmf 5 .

 

 

 

;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] cjwf/0ff

      ;dfh / kl/rfngsf] ;+of]hg rf+xL ";fdflhs kl/rfng" xf] . Pp6} If]qdf ;fd'bflos ?kdf ldn]/ j:g] hflt, hghflt, ju{ cflbnfO{ j'emfpF5 . 'kl/rfng' eg]sf] s'g} JolQm jf ;d'xnfO{ lglZrt p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ lqmoflzn jf tTk/ u/fpg ;Sg'nfO{ j'emfp+5 .

     o;sf] cjwf/0ffn] ;xeflutfTds k4lt, z;lQms/0f, ;fdf'bflos ;+u7g tyf ;fdflhs cfGbf]ngsf l;4fGtnfO{ ;d]6\5 . t/ ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] cjwf/0ff ul/j ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{sf] lbuf] ljsf; sf] nflu cfwf/e"t sfo{, l;4fGtsf] ?kdf JofVof / k|of]u x'g'kb{5 . ljz]ifu/L ul/la g} k|d'v r'gf}tL /x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs jgf}6n] ;fdflhs kl/rfngnfO{ ul/jL Go'lgs/0f÷lgjf/0f tkm{sf k|of;x?dWo] Ps k|d'v dfWod jg]sf] 5 .

       ul/jsf jx'cfoflds kIfx?sf] ljz]ifu/L ul/aLnfO{ sfd ug]{ u|fdL0f e]ssf ;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t, :jfjnDjL / hfu?s u/fpg, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gn] >f]t lgdf{0f / Ifdtfsf] ljsf;sf] ;fy} cfk;L ;xof]ujf6 sfo{ ug'{k5{ eGg] efjgf hfu[t u/fpFb5 . kmn:j?k ;d'bfodf pgLx? leq ;';'Kt cj:yfdf /x]sf cGt/ lglxt Ifdtfsf] k|of]u tyf cfkm}+ lqmofzLn eO{ cfˆgf cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . cfkm} >f]t h'6fO{ cfˆg} Ifdtf / ;lqmo ;xefuLtfdf sfo{qmd sfofGojg, cg'udg, d'NofÍg ug]{ sfo{df ;+ul7t eP/ h'6g ;Sb5g\ . of] k|lqmof 4f/f ul/j, ljkGg tyf lk58LPsf ;d'bfo, ln+u, hftL, ju{x?sf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdfhLs ?kfGt/0fdf ;xof]u ub}{ u|fdL0f ;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] d"n p4]Zo ;fdfhLs kl/rfngn] /fv]sf] x'G5 .

       ;/n efiffdf ;fdfhLs kl/rfng eGgfn] ul/j, pk]lIft, pTkL8Lt tyf ljkGg ju{x?sf] ;fd'lxs lxtsf nflu ;fdflhs p4]Zo k|fKt ug{ pgLx?nfO{ ;'Id tyf a[xt ?kdf ;fdfhLs cg';+wfg, of]hgf, sfof{gjog, cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg Pj+ jsfnt ug]{ sfddf ;xefuLtf u/fpg] k|lqmofnfO{ a'lemG5 .

 

 

;fdfhLs kl/rfng nIo / p2]Zo

nIo M

     ul/j pk]lIft / ljkGg tyf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{x?sf] ;fdfhLs tyf cfly{s ?kfGt/0fsf nflu pgLx?nfO{ ;zlQms/0f ug'{ xf] cyjf cfˆgf] ljsf; cfkm}+ ug]{ ;Ifd agfP/ pgLx?sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g' xf] .

 

      p2]Zox?M

 

       ;d'bfodf dlxnf / k'?ifx?df cfTdljZjf; tyf ;r]tgfsf] clea[l4 ug]{ .

       ;fIf/tf / k|fljlws Ifdtf h:tf cfwf/e't lzkx?sf] ljsf; u/L pgLx?sf] ljsf; of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

       cfly{s >f]tx?nfO{ cfGt/Ls ?kdf dha't kfg]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/L pgLx?sf] nflu pgLx? 4f/f g} ug]{ lbuf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ .

       ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs ;d:of / sl7gfO{ ktf nufpg]

       ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf, >f]t / ;fwg klxrfg u/L ;f] sf] ljsf; ug{ k|fyldstf lbg] .

       ;d'bfodf cfTdlge{/tf a9fpg tyf :jfanDaL agfpg]

       cfˆgf] IfdtfnfO{ of]hgf lgdf0f{, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{ ;Sg] agfpg ;xof]u ug]{ .

 

;fdfhLs kl/rfngsf d"Vo d"Vo If]qx?M

 

  wfld{s k|rf/ k|;f/

  /fhg}lts kl/jt{g

  ;fdfhLs kl/j{tg tyf cfGbf]ng, ;f:s[lts kl/j{tg

  sNof0fsf/L ;]jf

  dfgj clwsf/

  ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng

  ul/jL Go"gLs/0f÷lgjf/0f -cfly{s kl/j{tg_

  /fli6«o cleofg -vf]k, ;fIf/tf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, s[lif ljsf; cflb_

 

;fdfhLs kl/rfngsf cfwf/e"t ljz]iftfx?M

 

  ax'cfoflds k4ltdf cfwfl/t

  ultzLn k|lqmof

  ljsf;sf] nflu ;fwg Pj+ ;fWo b'a}

  :jrflnt k|lqmof

  nlIft ;d'bfo tyf ;Dk"0f{ ;dfh g} o;}df ;+nUg

  ;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtf tyf jsfntnfO{ ;+of]hg u/]sf]

  k|lqmof Jofks ;xefuLtfTds ljZn]if0fdf cfwfl/t

  ;d"xut k|of;df cfwfl/t

;fdflhs kl/rfng -Social Mobilization_

s] xf] <

   Pp6f k|s[of -Process_ xf] .

 ljt/0f -Delivery_ ug]{ dfWod xf] .

 Ps csf{;+u 3'nldn -Homogenization_ ug]{ dfWod xf] .

 Pp6f ;xeflud'ns / ;fdflhs k"FhL lgdf{0f ug]{ dfWod xf] . -Participatory and Social Capital_

 

lsg ul/G5 <

     JolQm÷s[ifsx?nfO{ ;d'xLs[t -Organize_ ug]{ .

     r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ .

     pTk]|/0ff hufpg .

     zzlQms/0f ug{

     ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ .

 

;fdflhs kl/rfngsf r/0fx? M

!_ ;fdflhs tof/L

       s[ifsx?nfO{ e]nf ug]{ .

       ufp+ :t/Lo ;fwgx?, lzksf] Plsg ug]{ .

       ;dfg p2]Zo / cfjZostf ePsf s[ifsx?nfO{ ;d'xdf cfj4 ug]{ .

       lgoldt a}7sx? ug{ nufO{ Ifdtf cg';f/ dfl;s÷kflIfs ?kdf lgoldt jrt ug{ nufpg] .

       cfof]hgfn] ug{ vf]h]sf] sfo{x?nfO{ kf/bzL{ tl/sfjf6 hfgsf/L lbg] .

       ufpF :t/Lo ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx?nfO{ klxNofO{ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .

 

@_ Ifdtfsf] ljsf;

       1fg lzkdf j[l4ug{ Jojxfl/s tflndx? ;+rfng ug{ .

       b]v]/ pT;fx Pj+ cfTdljZjf; j9fpg] gd"gf 7fp+x?sf] cjnf]sg ug{ .

       ;d'xut ?kdf cGt/s[ofx? u/fpg .

       ;d"xnfO{ jlnof] jgfpg n]vf /fVg], g]t[Tj ljsf; sfof{no Joj:yfkg, ;d'x Joj:yfkg cflbsf] 1fg lbg .

#_ ;+:yfut ljsf;

       ;d"xnfO{ ;+:yfut ?kdf ;xof]u ug]{ .

       sfg'gL dGotf lbnfpg], -lhNnf ;xsf/L, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lh=lj=;=, lh=s[lif lj= sfof{no, kz' ;]jf sfof{no cflbdf btf{ u/fpg]_ .

       ;dfg p4]Zo ePsf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? l;t >f]t jfF8kmfF8 Pj+ ;dGjofTds ?kdf cufl8 j9fpg ;DjGw j9fpg] .

;fdfhLs kl/rfngsf d"ndGqx?

  ;+u7g ljsf;  M  JolQmx? ;d"xdf cfj4 x'g'k5{ .

       k"FhLsf] ljsf;  M  ;d"xdf cfj4 JolQmx?sf] artaf6 k"FhLsf] ljsf; x'G5 .

       zLksf] ljsf; M JolQmx?sf] JolQmut, ;fd'lxs tyf k"hLut zlQmsf] ;b'kof]u ul/ hLjg:t/ psf:g] lx;fan] zLksf] ljsf; x'g'k5{ .

 

o;nfO{ ul/jL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu  # ';' klg eGg] ul/G5 .

; = ;d"x

; = ;fgf] k"FhL

; = zLk

 

;fdflhs kl/rfngsf r/0fx?M

:jkl/rflnt Pj+ ;fdflhs cfGbf]ng k|lqmof

&	;ftf}+ r/0f	k/fdz{	gLlt Pj+ d"NofÍgdf kl/jt{g
^	5}7f}+ r/0f	;fdflhs u7jGwg tyf sfo{tGq	sfo{tGq tyf Pstf
%	kfFrf} r/0f	;fdflhs d"NofËg	sfo{qmd Pj+ ;+:yfsf] d"NofÍs
$	rf}yf] r/0f	;fdflhs sfo{	sfo{qmd of]hgf th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog
#	t];|f] r/0f	;fdflhs k"+hL lgdf{0f	;fd'bflos ;+u7g / Ifdtf clej[l4
@	bf]>f] r/0f	;fdflhs ljZn]if0f	cj:yf ljZn]if0f
!	klxnf] r/0f	jft{fnfksf] yfngL	j:t'l:ylt n]vfhf]vf Pj+ 3'nldn

 

;fdflhs kl/rfng k|lqmof

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;d"x u7g k|s[of

;d"xsf] sfo{ ;fdflhs Pj+ dgf]j}1flgs hl6ntf jf]s]sf] dfgj hftL ;+u ;DjlGwt x'g] ePsf]n] u7g cl3 b]vL g} ljz]if ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .

 

;d"x u7gsf v'8\lsnfx?

    s_ ;d'bfo leq k|j]zM

pTk|]/s /;xhstf{ /k|;f/stf{/ cfof]hs÷;fdflhs stf{ n] ljleGg >f]taf6 (;xefuLtfTds u|fdL0f n]vfhf]vf–PRA/ e|d0f /  cjnf]sg ÷5nkmn ÷laut cg'ej÷AolQmut) cfˆgf] sfo{If]qsf lgDtL ljifox?df hfgsf/L a6'Ng' kb{5 .

@  ;d'bfosf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fd'lxs cfjZostf tyf rfxgf

@  ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ k/Dk/fut jf afXo tl/sf af/]

@  ;d'bfosf] zlQms]Gb| tyf cu'jfO{ ug]{sf] 5 eGg] af/]

@  ;d'bfo / ;]jf k|bfo ug]{ ;+:yfx? aLrsf] ;DaGw af/]

 

v_ nlIft ju{ kQf nufpg]

u_ ;d'x lgdf0f{ af/] 5nkmn k|f/De ug]{

@  :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] a}7s cfXjfg

@  jt{dfg cj:yfsf] af/]df ;ldIff ug]{

@  cfˆgf] tkm{af6 x'g ;Sg] ;xof]u af/] hfgsf/L

@ ;xefuLtfTds ;d"x k4tL jf/] 5nkmn -;femf clw?rL p2]o, d]xgt Pj+ O{dfGbfl/tf ljwfg j}7s ;+rfng sfo{qmd ;+rfng pknlJw d'NofÍg cflb_

 

3_ ;d"x :yflkt ug]{M

 

@ e/;s ;fgf] !%–@) hgf ;Ddsf]_ ;dfg cj:yfsf JolQmx? jLr ;d'x u7g ePdf ljjfb sd x'g] / ljZjf; j9\g] x'G5 .

@ ;d'x k|lt cf:yf /fVg] dflg;nfO{ cfj4 x'g k]|l/t ug]{ .

@ ;d'x k|hftflGqs cEof; Pj+ :jLkm"t{df cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5

@ ;d'xsf ;b:o jGg O{R5's JolQmx?sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg]{ .

@ ;b:ox?sf] lgDg sfd st{Jo jf/] hfgsf/L lbg]M

      – lgoldt j}7sdf efu lng'

      – ;b:otf z'Ns ltg'{

      – cGo ;b:onfO{ ;xof]uug'{

      – lxtsf]ifdf of]ubfg ug'{

@ dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|f]T;flxt ug'{ kb{5 .

@ ;d'xsf] gfdfs/0f -:yfg ljz]ifj:t', ljz]if b]jL b]jtf, ljz]if JolQm_

@ j}7ssf] ldlt / ;do lgwf{/0f

@ j}7sdf efu lng'sf] dxTjjf/] 5nkmn

@ ;b:ox?jLr cGt/lqmof sf] dxTj jf/] 5nkmn

@ ;d"x :jfjnDjL jgfpg] tTjx? jf/] 5nkmn –g]t[Tj cfly{s of]ubfg, clen]v_

@ ljwfg lgdf{0f

@ ;d"xsf] cf}krfl/s u7g .

 

;s[o ;d"xsf nIf0fx?M

@ ;j}sf] ;xdltdf lg0f{o ug'{

@ lg0f{o / 5nkmn k|s[ofdf k|hftflGqs cEof; ug'{

@ ;d'x k|lt sl6j4 x'g'

@ :jfjnDjL efjgfsf] ljsf;

@ cfk;L ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf;

@ ;d"x ;b:ox? jLr ;xof]u

@ ;d"xn] pTkfbg sfo{df hf]lvd lng  ;Sg'

@ ;d"x jrfj6sf] nflu ;+3if{

@ ;Ifd g]t[Tjsf] ljsf;

@ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?;+u ;'dw'/ ;DjGw

@ ;d"xsf] sfo{qmddf ;s[of ;xeflutf

@ k|efjsf/L ;~rf/stf{ jGg'

@ ;Lk / 1fgsf] ljsf; x'g'

@ ;d"x cGtu{t ;kmn pk;d"xsf] ljsf; x'g' jf pTkQL x'g'

@ ;d'x ;b:ox?sf] dfgl;s Pj+ Jojxf/df kl/jt{g cfpg'

@ :j/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/sf] ljs; jf yfngL x'g'

@ ;b:ox?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ x'g' .

 

lgis[o ;d"xsf nIf0fx?

@ ;d"xdf cg'Tkfbs ultljlw j9\g'

@ lgoldt j}7s gj:g'

@ ;b:ox? jLr cgfjZos jfbljjfb

@ lxtsf]ifsf] b'?kof]u

@ cfk;L emu8f j9\g'

@ g]t[Tj sdhf]/ x'g'

@ ;d'x k|lt cf:yf 36\g'

@ ljwfg pNn+3g

@ Psn] csf]{nfO{ lyrf]ldrf] u/]sf] cg'ej x'g' .

@ lhDd]jf/L lng gvf]Hg'

@ ;b:ox? JolQmut :jfy{df j9L / ;fd'lxs :jfy{df sd Wofg lbg' .

 

To;}n] of] a'lem /fvf}+=

 

 

 

 

;d"xsf] lxtsf]if kl/rfng / ;d'xsf] sfo{qmd th"{df

lxtsf]if M

;d'x ;b:ox?sf] ;–;fgf jrtn] klg ;d'xdf wg/fzL hDdf x'G5 h;nfO{ lxtsf]if eg]/ elgG5 .

ô lxtsf]if hDdf u/]/ dfq x'+b}g kl/rfng klg ug'{ kb{5 . pTkfbgzLn sfo{df nufpg klxnf] k|fyldstf x'g'kb{5 .

ô lxtsf]if k|lt ;j}sf] aqmWofg uO{ /xG5 . ctM lxtsf]ifsf] cfo Joo tyf pkof]usf] n]vf kl/If0f u/fO{ gubjf6 ;j}nfO{ kf/blz{ jgfpg' kb{5 .

ô clen]v ;j}n] j'em\g]u/L b'?:t /fvL ;do ;dodf lx;fj b]vfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

ô ;d'xsf] lxtsf]ifn] ;d'xsf] lqmofsnfk j9fp+5 / ;d'xnfO{ sfd ug]{ cf+6 k|bfg ub{5 . t;y{ ;d'x jn g} lxtsf]if xf] .

lxtsf]if ;d'xsf] cfTdf xf] To;}n] lxtsf]if hDdf ugf{n] M

ô jrt ug]{ jfgL j:5,

ô cfTdlge{/tf j9\5,

ô cfsl:ds vf+rf] k"lt{ ug{ ;lsG5,

ô nufgLstf{nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg] cj:yfsf] >[hgf x'g]x'+bf ljsf;sf] nflu cfwf/ xf] .

ô ;d"xsf] cfly{s b'Mv ;'vsf] ;xf/f xf] .

lxtsf]if Joj:yfkg

art /lh:^/sf] (f+rf

qm=;=

s[ifssf] gfd / &]ufgf

art b/ ?=

dlxgf

hDdf /sd ?=

a}zfv

h]i&

c;f/

>fj)f

efb|

c;f]h

sflt{s

d+l;/

k';

df#

kmfNu'g

r}q

 

;d"xsf] sfo{df th"{df

       ;d"xsf] nflu jgfO{g] of]hgf ;d"xn] g} jgfpg' kb{5 . ;d"xsf] >f]t / ;fwg tyf ;DjlGwt lgsfox?jf6 k|fKt x'g cfpg] ;xof]unfO{ b[li6utul/ ;d"xsf] sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|ltlglw / ;d"xsf ;b:ox?sf] ;+nUgtfdf s] s] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ xf] ;f] sf] jflif{s of]hgf ;d"x ;b:ox?jf6 g} tof/ ul/g] cjwf/0ff g} ;d"xsf] sfo{ th"{df cyf{t Group Planning xf] .

 

;d"xsf] sfo{qmd th"{df lsg <

 ;d"xsf] bIftfdf j[l4 x'G5 .

 of]hgf cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .

 ;d"x j9L ;+ul7t jGb5 .

 ;d"x Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng ug{ ;/n

 lgoldt cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f / d'NofÍg ug{ d4t k'Ub5 .

 j9L k|efjsf/L / s'zn k4tL

 cfTdljZjf;sf] efjgf hfu[t x'G5 .

 JolQmut Pj+ ;fd'lxs cfTdlge{/tfsf] ljsf;

 Joj:yfkg Ifdtfsf] ljsf;

 p2]Zod"ns k|utL xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] .

 

cGTodf

      ;d"x leq j}7s ;~rfng / clen]v k|0ffnLsf] ;xL / ;d'lrt tj/jf6 ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . cGoyf ljjbsf sf/s tTj log} jGg k'Ub5g\ .

 

;d"xdf ljjfb / ljjfb ;dfwfgsf tl/sf

;d"xdf ljleGg 7fFpsf hfthftL, ljleGg OR5f ePsf JolQmx? ePsf]n] a]nf a]nfdf ;d"xdf ljjfb pTkGg x'g] ub5{ .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;d"xdf ljjfb pTkGg x'g] k|d'v sf/0fx? M

      ;d"xdf ljjfb pTkGg eof] eg] Tof] ;d"xn] k|efjzfnL ?kdf sfo{ ug{ c;dy{ x'g yfNb5, To;}n] ;d"xnfO{ ;b}j ;Ifd / ;jn?kdf k|efjzfnL jgfpgsf] nfuL ;d"xdf ljjfb pTkGg x'g] sf/0fsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L /fvL ljjfb cfpg glbg cu|;/ x'g' kb{5 .

       tn pNn]lvt k|efjzLn ;d"xsf ljz]iftf jf rl/qdf s]xL tndfly kg'{sf] dtnj g} ;d'xdf ljjfb pTkGg x'g'sf sf/0fx? jGg hfg' xf] . t;y{ ;d"xnfO{ ;+ul7t, jlnof] k|efjzfnL Pj+ lhjGt jgfO{/fVgsf] nflu k|efjzLn ;d"xsf rl/qnfO{ ;j}n] dgg u/L To; cg'?k cfkm\gf s[ofsnfkx? ;+rfng ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] ;d"xdf ljjfb cfpg] ;d:of /x+b}g / ;fdfGo ljjfb cfPtf klg ;dfwfg ug{ TotL c;xh x'+b}g eGg] nfUb5 .

 

;d"xdf ljjfb cfpg] sf/0fx?dfM

ô ;d"x ;b:ox?sf] km/s km/s rfxgf

ô c?sf] ;kmntfdf b]lvg] O{iof{n' efjgf

ô cg'dflgt kmfO{bf xfl;n ug{df c;kmntf

ô ;d'xsf]] sfd sfo{jfxL kf/bzL{ gx'g'

ô ljwfg pNn+3g

ô :jfyL{ dgf]j[lQ

ô lxtsf]if kl/rfng k|s[of

ô j}7ssf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog

ô g]t[Tjsf] sfo{z}nL

ô ;d"xsf] efjL sfo{qmd ;~rfng k|s[of .

 

ljjfb ;'Nemfpg] tl/sf M

!_ jft{f 4f/f -Communication_

@_ ;xdtL 4f/f -Accomodation_

#_ Pstf 4f/f (Aamalgamation_

$_ ;+emf}tf 4f/f -Assimilation_

%_ ts{ 4f/f -Rationalization_

^_ ;xof]u 4f/f  -Cooperation)  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

s[ifs ;d"x

;d"x s] xf] <

;    ;femf p4]Zon]

       ;dGjo /fvL

       ;d:ofx?sf]

       ;dfwfgsf] nflu

d"     ldnLh'nL

       d'sfljnf u/L

x     xn ug]{

 

Æ;femf p2]Zn] jf nIf k|fKtLsf] nflu b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf j9L JolQmx? ldnL cfk;L cGt/lqmofsf cfwf/df jg]sf] O{sfO{ jf em'08nfO{ ;d'x eGb5g\ .æ

cfsf/ M !%–@) hgf /fd|f]

;d"xsf] dxTj tyf kmfO{bf

;d"x lsg <

       j9L s[ifsnfO{ sfo[qmddf ;dfj]z u/fpg ;lsg]

       ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifssf] ;xeflutfdf j[l4 x'g]

       k|ljlw lj:tf/ k|efjsf/L ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg

       :yfgLo ;d:ofsf] :yfgLo tj/d} ;dfwfg x'g]

       :yfgLo g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; x'g]

       :yfgLo g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; x'g]

       :yfgLo >f]t / ;fwgsf] kl/rfng

       If]dtfsf] ljsf;

       hgr]tgf

       sfo{qmdk|lt cfTdljZjf;

       cfTdlge{/tf

 

;d"xsf] rf/ cj:yf

    !_ lgdf{0fsf] cj:yf

    @_ hfu/0fsf] cj:yf

    #_ ljwfg dd{tsf] cj:yf

    $_ sfo{ut cj:yf 

 

;d"x u7g / kl/rfng

 

s;/L <

@ p2]Zo lgwf{/0f

@ gfdfs/0f

@ kbflwsf/Lsf] 5gf}6

@ sfdsf] jfF8kmfF8

@ gLlt lgod lgwf{/0f

@ lxtsf]if :yfkgf

@ lxtsf]if kl/rfng

@ ;d"x j}7s

@ sfo{qmd jf/] 5nkmn of]hgf

Y jhf/sf] dfu cg';f/ jfnL, hft / nufpg] If]qkmn lgwf{/0f

Y jhf/ efpsf] cfwf/df jfnL nufpg] ;do lgwf{/0f

Y ljpsf] kl/df0f / >f]t

Y ;d'xut ljp vl/b

Y jfln k|bz{g, tflnd, e|d0f tyf cGo k|fljlws

Y ;d'x Jofkf/

Y cGo

@ sfo{qmd ;+rfng

@ /]s8{ /fVg]

@ g]t[Tj ljsf;

@ ;d'xsf] ljwfg

@ ljwfg btf{ 

@ ;+:yfut ljsf;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;d"x -cu'jf_ g]tfdf x'g'kg]{ u'0fx? 

@ pT;fxL / pT;fx lbg] .

@ hfu?s÷sfo{ jf]em lng O{R5's .

@ pbfx/0fLo jGg]÷cg's/0fLo

@ cg'ofoLjf6 g]tf tof/ ug]{

@ /fd|f] cfr/0f÷O{dfGbf/ .

@ of]Uo / cWoogzLn .

@ ;j};+u ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ .

@ lg:jfy{ efjgf ePsf] .

@ ;j}n] kTofpg]÷ljZjf;kfq .

@ ;j};Fu lxnldn ug{ ;Sg] .

@ gofF÷goFf cj;/ k|lt cu|;/ .

 

;d'xleq kfO{g] Jojxf/ ljZn]if0f / juL{s/0f

 

s_ c;xof]uL Jojxf/

@ ;d"x jGg glbg] .

@ u/LjnfO{ ;+ul7t x'g glbg] .

@ tNnf] ju{nfO{ cufl8 j9\g glbg] .

@ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ dfq x]g]{ .

@ cfkm'nfO{ dfq cufl8 /fVg] / 7"nf] jGg] .

@ cfkm' klg gug]{ / c?nfO{ klg ug{ glbg] .

@ s;}n] /fd|f] ug{ vf]h] jfwf ug]{ .

 

v_ ;xof]uL Jojxf/

@ c?nfO{ cufl8 j9fpg] sfd ug]{ .

@ ul/jnfO{ ;fx; lbg] / /If fug]{ .

@ tNnf] ju{sf] enf] rfxg] / ;xof]u ug]{ .

@ ;fd'lxs efjgfnfO{ j9fpg vf]Hg] .

@ Pstf / ;dGjodf k|fyldstf lbg] .

 

u_ ;fd'lxs Jojxf/sf] jlu{s/0f

@ efF8 l;+x M k|ToIf gsf/fTds

@ ljuf/ l;+x M ck|ToIf gsf/fTds

@ u/ l;+x M ;sf/fTds

@ ;kf/ l;+x M ;sf/fTds

@ x]/ l;+x M t6:y

@ efu l;+x M t6:y

@ hf;'; l;+x M ck|ToIf gs/fTds

 

c;kmn ;d"xsf d'Vo sf/stTjx?

@ g]t[Tjsf] sdL,

@ cljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f ,

@ c;dfg Jojxf/,

@ lg0f{odf l;ldt ;b:osf] ;xeflutf,

@ JolQmut :jfy{sf] k|d'vtf,

@ clgoldt j}7s÷5nkmn,

@ cfocfh{gsf] l;ldt cj;/,

@ gLlt÷lgod jf sfo{ ljlwsf] c:ki6tf,

@ >f]t / ;fwgsf] c;dfg ljt/0f,

@ /fhgLlts s'k|efj,

@ Pstf÷;dGjosf] sdL .

 

;d"xsf] ;kmntf

 

d'Vo sf/s tTjx?

@ ;xdltsf] cfwf/df lg0f{o,

@ Ps csf{k|lt ljZjf;,

@ ;d'xsf] sl6j4tf,

@ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;d'xjf6},

@ of]hgf th"{df tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;Ifd,

@ r]tgfsf] ljsf;,

@ gofF goFf cj;/ k|lt hfu?s / cu|;/,

@ ;+u7gfTds ljsf;,

@ djf6 xfdLsf] ejgf,

@ cfTdlge{/tf lt/ cu|;/

 

lbuf] ;d"xsf ljz]iftfx?

@ :ki6 / ;j{dfGo p2]Zo,

@ ;d'xn] ;d'x ljsf;sf rf/ j6} r/0f kf/ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ .

@ ;dfg efif, /xg ;xg / ;+:s[tL ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .

@ ;d'xsf ;b:ox?n] lgefpg' kg]{ e"ldsf :ki6 x'g'kg]{ / cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/Ljf6 gklG5g],

@ ;d'xsf ;b:ox?n] ;d'xsf] sfo{qmd / ;+u7lgs 9fFrf cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] .

@ ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf cGo ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? l;t jlnof] ;DjGw :yflkt ePsf] .

 

 

;d'bfosf] ljsf;df ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] e'ldsf dxTj tyf u'0fx?

;fdflhs kl/rfns sf] x'g <

       ;fdflhs kl/rfns M

ô sifssf] ;fyL,

ô dWo:y stf{

ô ;xhstf{, pTk|]/s

ô ;dfh kl/jt{gstf{

ô ;fdflhs cleoGgtf

ô sfof{no / s[ifs ljrsf] b"/L sd ug]{ dfWod .

 

sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo cg'?k s[ifs / s[ifs ;d"x÷;ldlt dfkm{t sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ u/fpg' g} ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] d"Vo e"ldsf xf] .

 

 e'ldsfx? ck]Iff ul/Psf sfo{x?

 

!_ ljifo ljz]if1M cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df ljifout k'0f{ 1fg k|fKt ug'{ / ljifodf k"0f{?kn] k'gtf{hsL x'g' .

@_ 6f]ln ;b:o M ;fd'lxs k|of;df of]ubfg lbg' / ;xof]uL jGg' .

#_ cg'ofoL M g]t[Tjn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nIfcg';f/ cfkm\gf] sfd sfo{ ldnfpFb} nfg' .

$_ lzIff ljb M cfjZostfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{, jo:sn] l;Sg] tl/sf  j'em\g',
    of'jfx?n] s;/L l;S5g\ l;sfp+5g\ k[i7kf]if0f
    lnG5g\ < k|ultsf] d"NofÍg ug'{ .

%_ l;sf? M l;Ag] If]q j9fpg', vf]Hg', gofF sifs k|lt tl/sf cg'ej jftfj/0f
    tyf cj;/ k|lt v'nf /xg'

^_ ;'kl/j]Ifs M cfly{s ;'ljwf ;x'lnot, JolQm, gful/s xsjf/] k|zf;g ug'{ /
   Jofj;flos ljsf; pknJw u/fpg',
   sfo{;+rfng ;DjlGw d"NofÍg ug'{ .

&_ cu'jf M gLlt lgwf{/0f, lbzf lgb]{z ug'{, >f]t ;fwg pknJw u/fpg',

*_ Joj:yfks M sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog / ;+of]hg ug'{ . hfgsf/L, ljQ / >f]t ;fwgsf] ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ug'{

(_ ;+hfnstf{ M hfgsf/L lng] lbg ;xof]u ug]{, cGo ;Dks{ klxrfg ug]{ .

!)_ cfof]hs M cfkm\gf] ;do Joj:yf ug'{, sfo{ / ljifo;'rLsf] k|fylds/0f ug'{, of]hgf ug{ sfo{ ;+kfbg ;dod} ug'{ / sfo{qmdsf] jhf/ Joj:yfkg ug'{ .

!!_ ;xhstf{ M s[ifs aLr ;Dks{nfO{ ;lhnf] jgfpg' / j}7sdf ;/n / ;xh sfo{;+rfng ug'{ .

!@_ ;fdy{jfg M clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug'{, xfl;n x'g ;Sg] sfo{sf] nflu lgb]{zg lbg'÷cj;/ lbg' .

!#_ dWo:ystf{ M ;femf husf] vf]hL ug'{, åG4sf] ljZn]zif ug'{

!$_ Pstf lgdf{tf M ljleGg ;d'xx?sf] k/:k/ ;xof]u ;fy} k|lt:kwf{sf] l:yltnfO{ ;dfof]hg kfg{ tL ;d'xx?sf] ljlebtfdf ;xof]u / ;dGjo k|bfg ug'{ .

!%_ sfo{qmd /rgfsf/ M ljifo ;"rL jf tf}/ tl/sfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ h;sf] kmn:j?k l;sfO{ / j'emfO{sf] sfo{ x'g] .

!^_ >f]t JolQm M ljz]if1sf] ;/;Nnfx k|bfg ug'{, hfgsf/L / 1fg lbg' .

!&_ sfo{ ;Dkfbs M cfTd ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L k|efjsf/L sf ;fy k|:t't ug]{

!*_ ;+rf/sdL{ -n]vs_ M ;+rf/sf] nflu pknJw >f]t ;fwg / k|ljlw pkof]uL / nfe x'g]u/L k|of; ug]{ .

!(_ :j+;]jL M cfkm\gf] zLk / If]dtfnfO{ sfd / cj;/sf] uxgtfsf] cfwf/df k|bfg ug]{, clek|fo / ;+sNk k|lt k|ltj4 x'g] .

@)_ cGo ========================================== .

 

;fdflhs kl/rfnsf] dxTj

ô u|fld0f :t/sf] hgtfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf r]tgfsf] :t/ psf:g] ;d"x, ;ldltsf] u7g / ;+rfng ul/ ;d'xsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ug]{ .

ô dfu{ bz{ssf] ?kdf hgtfsf] dgf]jnnfO{ lhTg ;Sg] u|fld0f hgtfnfO{ sfo{qmd k|lt cfslif{t u/fpg .

ô kl/rfnsn] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo cg'?k >f]t ;fwg / zLksf] klxrfg ul/ :yflgo hgtfjf6 g} ltgLx?sf] kl/rfng ug{ .

ô s[ifssf]\ rf]tgf :t/df j[l4 ug{ nugzLn÷cu'jf s[ifs jgfpg

ô ;d"xdf :jLs[t lgod sfg'g jf lgodfjnLsf] kfngf u/fpg

ô ;d'bfosf] ljsf; ;+u ;DjlGwt cGo lgsfo ;+u ;dGjo u/fpg .

;kmn ;fdflhs kl/rfnsdf x'g'kg]{ u'0fx? M

ô O{dfGbf/Ltf

ô ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;DjlGw /fd|f] 1fg ePsf]

ô ldng;f/, d[b' eflif, x+;d'v JolQmTj / Jojxf/df dgdf]xs

ô c;n ;3fpstf{

ô s'/f j'em\g] / lg0f{o lbg ;Sg]

ô :ki6 wf/0ff JoQm ug{ ;Sg]

ô :j:Yo,

ô cg'ejL,

ô ;j}sf] ljZjf; lhTg ;Sg]

ô s'zn ;+u7g stf{

ô k|ltj4

ô lqmofsnfkdf kf/blz{

ô ;doj4

ô lzko'Qm

ô kl/kSj

ô ultzLn

ô ug{ / u/fpg ;Sg]

ô cfwf/e"t lzIff o'Qm

ô ;xgzLn w}o{zLn

ô cfTdljZjf;L

ô cg['zfl;t

ô ;f}xfb{

ô ;d"xdf l56} ldNg ;Sg]

ô nugzLn

ô d]xgtL

ô ;d"xsf] ;d:of leq k:g vf]Hg]

ô ;j}nfO{ l;sfpg rfxg]

ô cfkm"n] u/]/ c?nfO{ ug{ k|]/0ff lbg]

ô pknlAwk|tL v';L JoQm ug]{

ô c;kmn x'+bf x/]z gvfg]

ô c?sf] b'Mv ;'v jf+8\g ;Sg]

ô ;fgf 7"nfdf e]befj g/fVg]

ô ghfGg]nfO{ gxf]Rofpg] j? l;sfpg]

ô ;d:of kl/rfg u/L ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug]{

ô jf6f] b]vfpg]

ô ;d'xnfO{ ;lx dfu{df hfg pTk|/0ff ug]{

ô ;d"xdf cfO{kg]{ ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ d4t ug]{

ô jf]n]sf] s'/f k'¥ofpg]

ô ;j}sf] cfFvfsf] gfgL jGg vf]Hg]

ô v6\g / v6fpg ;Sg]

ô ;d"xsf] ultljlwdf ;bf cWoog/t / rgfvf] /xg] .

	c;n ;fdflhs sfo{stf{df x'g'kg]{ u'0fx? @ ;xglzntf @ cfTdljZjf; @ e]befj /lxt @ lzi6 Jojxf/ @ ;do cg';f/ rNng ;Sg] @ ljifoj:t'df 1fg ePsf] @ cfkm\gf] p2]Zo / nIf :ki6 ePsf] @ ;sf/Tds ;f]rfO{ ePsf] @ xl;nf] / 3'nldn ug{ ;Sg] @ :ki6jQmf @ lg0f{fos e'ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;fdflhs kl/rfns 8/}8/sf] e'd/f]df

ô c;kmntfsf] 8/

ô d"v{ j]js'km jgfpg] 8/

ô ufnL vfg] 8/

ô g/fd|f] eGnfg\ eGg] 8/

ô jf]lnPsf] s'/f k'¥ofpg g;lsPnf eGg] 8/

ô efug' knf{ ls eGg] 8/ .

8/jf6 jRg] pkfo

ô cfTdljZjf; j9fpg'

ô w}o{ wf/0f ug'{

ô yfxf geP yfxf5}g eGg'

ô g/d / d[b'eflif x'g'

ô ;do lng'

ô ;d'xjf6} pQ/ vf]Hg] k|of; ug]{ .

;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] bfloTj

ô ;d'bfosf] nflu xf]O{g ;d'bfo;+u sfo{ ug]{

ô s[ifsnfO{ g} cufl8 j9\g k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

ô hgtfnfO{ ljpemfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ k|yldstf lbg]

ô ;d'bfosf] ;b:o;+u ;'dw'/ ;+jGw /fVg]   

ô ;d"x lgdf{0fdf ;d'bfosf] Wofg lbg'kg]{  ;xof]lusf] e"ldsf lgefpg]

ô ;fdflhs kl/jt{gnfO{ Wofg lbg'[kg]{

ô hgtfsf] ;Rrf ;]js xf] eGg] s['/f ;f]Rg'kg]{

ô ;sf/fTds ;f]+rn] cufl8 j9\g] .

;fdflhs kl/rfnsn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

ô ;+jlGwt ljifodf k/fd;{ lnP\/ dfq ;d"x ;d'bfonfO{ jtfpg]

ô cfod"ns sfo{qmdsf] klxrfg u/L tflnd lbnfpg]

ô tflnd lng lhNnf leq jf jflx/ lgsfo;+u ;Dks{ u/fpg]

ô ;d'bfosf] JolQmsf\] nufgLnfO{ dWogh/ u/L cg'udg ug]{

ô kz' kfng jf jflndf nfUg] /f]u ls/fsf] ;fjwfgL u/fpg]

ô lhNnf jf ufpF If]qdf pknJw k|fljlws ;+u cGt/lqmof u/fpg]

ô cfkm"n] ghfg]sf] s'/fx? cGbfhdf pQ/ glbg]

ô ;d'bfonfO{ jhf/sf] jf/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{ d'No lgwf{/0f ug]{

ô tkfO{sf] ;'emfj lhjg:t/ psf:g];+u ;DjlGwt x'g'kg]{

ô hflu/] eGbf ;]jfd'ns k]zf xf] eGg] ;f]Rg'kg]{

ô cfkm' klg plgx? h:t} ;+em]/ sfd ug]{

ô ;d'bfosf JolQmx?df ;d'x ljr dfl;s jf xKtflbgdf cGt/lqmof u/fpg]

ô ;d'bfo jf ;d'xnfO{ 7f]; s'/fx?df ;xefuL u/fpg]

ô ;+efljt hf]lvdx?sf] ;hu u/fpg]

ô :yflgo >f]t ;fwg / zLksf] j9L k|of]u ug]{

ô ;d'bfodf eO{/x]sf] cg'ejnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]

ô ;d'[bfodf dflg;x?nfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] klg cfZjf;g glbg]

ô e]befj /lxt efjgfsf] sfd ug'{kg]{ .

sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg, pkef]Qmf ;ldtL / lbuf]kgf

        

        ufp+ jf ;d'bfodf ul/aL 36fpg] ;d'bfonfO{ ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, hgr]tgf cflbsf] nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf ljsf;sf cfof]hgfx? cfp5 hgtfx? cfFkm}n] klg ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx?sf] yfngL ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ljsf; ufp+ / ToxfF j;f]jf; ug]{ JolQmx?sf] nflu ePsf]n] ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L cGo h'gs'g} tj/jf6 cfPklg Tof] ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+jlGwt ufpFsf hgtfx?sf] ;xeflutf ljgf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsb}g . ;xeflutf of]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf x'g'k5{ . ;xeflutf of]ubfg÷nufgLdf x'g'k5{ h'g rf+xL cfly{s, >dbfg, ;fdfu|L h'6fpg cflbdf x'g ;Qm5 . cGTodf ;xeflutf kmfO{bfsf] jfF8kmFf8 df klg plQs} x'g' h?/L 5 .

 

sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg M

        Joj:yfkg eg]sf] s'g} lglZrt sfdsf] nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwg, hgzlQmx? nfO{ :jLs[t k|lqmof cg';f/ ;+sng÷kl/rfng u/fP/ sfo{ ;+rfng u/L nlIft p2]Zo xfl;n u/fpg] lqmofsnfk xf] .

        To;}n] sfo{qmdsf] Jj:yfkg leq sfo{qmd z'? x'g' cufl8 sf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ Joj:yf b]lv sfo{qmd ;dfKt gx'Gh]n;Ddsf cfGtl/s rfFhf]kfFhf], /]vb]v, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/fpg] sfo{qmdx? kb{5g\ .

 

sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgsf % j6f s'/fx? M

   s] ug]{M sfo{qmdsf] gfd

   s;/L ug]{ M /sdsf] Joj:yf, >f]t ;fdu|L, hgzlQm, hg>dbfg, cGo s'g} lgsfosf] k|fljlws ;xof]u .

   sxfF ug]{ M 7fpF jf If]q lglZrt ug]{

   slxn] ug]{ M jif{, dlxgf, ut], jf/, ;do

   s;n] ug]{ M nlIft pkef]Qmf ;d"x, ;ldlt, ;d'bfo, of cGo s'g} lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/L eP .

 

hj;Dd oL kfFr s'/fx? sf] lgSof}{n x'Fb}g tj;Dd sfo{qmd cl3 j9fpg' x'+b}g .

o;nfO{ xfdL xftsf] kFfr cf}+nfdf o;/L /fv]/ ldnfpg ;lsG5 M

       

 

pkef]Qmf ;d"x÷;ldlt ;d'bfo M–

       sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu nlIft ;d'bfox?sf] aLraf6 pkef]Qm ;ldlt lgdf{0f sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . of] sfo{ u/] kl5 sfo{ yfngL u/]df ;lhnf] x'G5 . cfof]hgf, kl/of]hgf÷sfo{qmdjf6 nfe kfpg] JolQmx? ljr 5nkmn u/]/ %–!! hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;ldlt÷lgdf{0f ;ldltsf] sfo{bn u7g ug'{ k5{ . o;nfO{ jf]nrfnsf] efiffdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt klg elgG5 . sfo{ k|s[lt cg[';f/ km/s km/s gfdn] pRrf/0f ul/G5 olb /]vb]v ug]{ xf] eg] cg'udg ;ldlt klg elgG5 .

 

sfof{Gjog÷pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfdx? M

!_ of]hgf th'{dfsf cg';f/ sfo{nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug'{ .

@_ ;fwg, >f]t, ;fwg, hgzlQm, hg >dbfg, cf}hf/, pks/0f h'6fpg' .

#_ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfd eP gePsf] olsg ug'{ tyf ;+jlGwt lgsfodf vj/ ug'{ .

%_ :jLs[lt cg';f/sf] :jLs[t lqmofsnfkdf vr{ eP gePsf] x]g'{ tyf ;+jlGwt lgsfodf kxnug'{ .

^_ sfo{qmddf k|fljlws tyf cGo ;d:of pTkGg eP cfjZos ;Nnfx, ;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/; k|bfg ug'{ .

&_ sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu h'6fO{Psf ;fdfu|Lx? sf] ;'/Iff lbg' .

*_ sfo{ ;+kfbg tyf ;dfkg kZrft cg'udg tyf d'NofÍsg sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg' .

(_ sfo{ ;DkGg kZrft ljsf; sfo{ pkef]u ug{ d4t ug{' .

!)_sfo{qmd lg/Gt/tf tyf ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g cflbsf] nflu pkfo u/L :jfldTj x'g]u/L x:tfGt/0f ug{df ;xof]u ug]{ .

!!_ sfo{qmdnfO{ cfkm\gf] If]q jl/kl/ k|fljlw, tl/sf k|lqmofdf cflbsf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .

 

lbuf]kgf M

      sfo{qmdx? ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ lbuf] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . tL sf/0fx? dWo] nlIft ;d'bfosf] O{R5f, dfu, cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t gx'g', :yfgLo >f]t ;+:yf, lzk sf] k|of]u gu/fpg', nlIft ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf -lg0f{odf, of]ubfg tyf kmfO{bfsf] jf+8kmfF8 df_ gx'g', :jfldTj jf]w gx'g', kl5 pTkGg x'g] ;d:of tyf sl7gfO{sf] Wofg gk'¥ofpg'df, hl6n k|ljlw x'g', jhf/, oftfoft, :yflgo pkef]QmfnfO{ Vofn gul/g', dd{t ;+ef/sf][ Joj:yf pkef]Qmfsf] kx'+reGbf jflx/ x'g' sfo{qmdjf6 nlIft ;d'bfo jflx/sf] ;d'bfodf kg{ hfg] c;/sf] jf:tf gx'g' , sfo{qmd kf/blz{ gx'g' cflb k|d'v sf/0fx? x'g\ . kmn:j?k sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ubf{ oL ;j} s'/fx?nfO{ Vofnu/L ul/of] eg] sfo{qmddf lbuf]kgf cfp+5 .

 

s] tkfO{n] ;d"x u7g u/fpg' ePsf] 5 <

ô ;d"xsf] p2]Zo ls6fg xf]nf <

ô ;d"xsf] kflwsf/L rog t xf]nf <

ô ;d"xsf] lgoldt a}7s –dfl;s_ df hfg' ePsf] xf]nf <

ô a}7sdf vf; vf; lg0fo{ ePsf] xf]nf / ;a};+u b:tvt u/fpg' ePsf] xf]nf <

ô art dfl;s lgoldt / C0f klg cfocfh{g sfod nufgL ePsf] xf]nf <

ô ;d"xsf] lx;fa lstfa klg /fVg' xf]nf <

ô tkfO{sf] e"ldsf ;xhLs/0f t xf]nf <

 

People participation

Go to the people, live with them learn from them, love them start with what they know build with what they have but with the best leader. When the work is done the task accomplished. The people will say "we have done these ourselves".

 

s[ifs ;d"x u7g tyf kl/rfng

 

       xfd|f] b]zdf s[lif ljsf;sf] nfuL ljleGg r/0fdf ljleGg k|sf/sf s[lif ljsf; tyf s[lif k|;f/ k4ltx? nfu' ePsf] kfOG5 . xfnsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] s[lif ljsf; tyf s[lif k|;f/sf] nfuL ;d"x k4lt cjnDag u/]sf] 5 . s[ifsx?nfO{ ;d"xdf cfj4 u/fO{ ;d'lrt kl/rfngaf6 cfo cfh{g u/fpg art tyf C0fsf] afgL nufO{ ltgLx?n] ckgfpb} cfPsf] k'/fgf] s[lif k|ljlwsf] 7fFpdf gofF s[lif k|ljlw af/] ;Demfpg, a'emfpg, gofF k|ljlw k|lt k|f]T;fxg u/L tL gofF k|ljlw ckgfpg nufO{ hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg' sf ;fy} cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/j{tg ug'{ o;sf] p4]Zo xf] .

       ;d"xsf] dfWodaf6 s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmd l56f], sd vlr{nf] / a9L k|efjsf/L x'g hfG5 . xfd|f h:tf] b'u{d ufFp g} ufFp ePsf] sd kx'Fr ePsf] Pj+ bIf hgzlQm, ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] sdL /x]sf] b]zdf s[ifs ;d'bfo aLr k|fljlws ;]jf k'¥ofpg of] k|efjsf/L x'G5 . To:t} ;d"xsf] dfWodaf6 s[ifsx?df ;fd'lxs efjgf hfUg'sf] ;fy} s'g} gofF sfd ug{sf] nfuL ;b:ox? aLr xf};nf a9g hfG5 . Psn] ug{ g;lsg] sfd ;d"xn] ug{ ;Sb5 . ;d"xn] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fd'bflos zlQm k|bfg ub{5 . xfnsf] kl/rfngdf ;d"x geP s'g} klg ;+3 ;+:yf tyf lgsfon] ljZjf; ub}{g . kmn:j?k ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g\ .

 

;d"xsf] u7g M

       ;d"x u7g ubf{ ;s] ;Dd ;fdfg ljrf/, p4]Zo / cfly{s :t/ ePsf s[ifsx? aLr u/] /fd|f] x'G5 . To;sf] ;fy} ef}uf]lns b'/L, huufsf] k|sf/, l;+rfO{, oftfoft, ahf/ cfbLsf] ;'ljwf÷c;'ljwf, afnL k|0fnL cfbLnfO{ klg Wofg lbg' kb{5 . ;d"x !%–@% hgf;Ddsf] u7g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;b:o ;+Vof w]/} x'gfn] dfq ;d"x k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;+rfng x'G5 eGg] 5}g . ;d"x k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;+rfng x'gsf nfuL ;d"x ;b:ox?sf] ;dfg ;f]rfO{ / Jojxf/ x'g kb{5 . k|To]s ;b:o cf–cfˆgf] kbLo bfloTj k|lt sQ{Jo lgi7 / Odfgbf/ x'g' kb{5 .

 

kbflwsf/Lx?sf] rog, sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L M

       ;d"xsf] u7g ubf{ ;d"x ;b:ox? dWo]af6 cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox?sf] rog ug'{ kb{5 . ;d"xsf] g]t[T jug{ ;Sg], ;a} ;b:ox?sf] ?rL / efjgfnfO{ ;d]6\g ;lsg], pGgt s[lif k|ljlw k|lt ?rL / rfxgf /fVg], ;fd'lxs sfdsf] nfuL ;do lbg ;Sg], s[lif ÷kz' ;]jf s]Gb|÷lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no / s[lif k|ljlwsx? ;+u ;do–;dodf ;Dks{ ug]{, ;d"xsf] ;d:ofx? ;+sng u/L ;DalGwt lgsfodf n}hfg] / ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L ;d"x ;b:ox? sxfF n}hfg ;Sg] jolQm ;d"xsf] cWoIf x'g' kb{5 . ;d"xsf] pkfWoIfn] x/]s sfo{sf] nfuL cWoIfnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 / cWoIfsf] cg'kl:ytLdf cWoIfsf] e'ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 . ;lrj /fd|f] n]vfkl9 ePsf] jolQm x'g' kb{5 . ;lrjn] cWoIfsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ a}7s af]nfpg], a}7ssf] lg0fo{sf] /]s8{ /fVg] / ;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt x/]s /]s8{x? b'?:t /fVg' kb{5 . ;d"xsf] a}7ssf] lg0fo{ k|ltlnkL ptf/ ul/ Ps k|lt a}7s a;]sf] @–$ lbg leqdf ;DalGwt ;]jf s]Gb|÷pks]Gb|df k7fpg] ug'{ kb{5 . ;d"xsf] sf]ifWoIf ;d"xsf] art sf]ifsf] k"0f{ lhDdf lng], rflxPsf] ;dodf art /sd ;d"xsf ;b:ox?nfO{ C0f pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] x'g' kb{5 . x/]s ;b:osf] ;d"x ;+rfngdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . To;}n] cfˆgf] If]qaf6 k|To]sn] ;d"x ;+rfngsf] nfuL ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 . ;d"x cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrjdf s'g} Ps hgfn] rfx]/ dfq ;d"x /fd|f] ;Fu ;+rfng x'g ;Ab}g . k|To]s ;d"x ;b:on] ;f]Rg' kb{5 ls of] xfd|f] cfˆgf] ;d"x xf] / o;af6 ;+rfng x'g] ;a} sfo{qmdx? xfd|f] cfˆg} lxtsf] nfuL xf] / o;nfO{ /fd|f] ;Fu ;+rfng ug'{ xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] .

 

;d"xsf] kl/rfng M

·      ;d"x kl/rfng ug{sf nfuL ;d"xsf] ljwfg agfpg' kb{5 . ;d"x ;b:ox?n] s[lif ÷kz' k|fljlwsx? tyf ;dflhs kl/rfnsx?sf] ;/;Nnfx adf]lhd ljwfg agfpg ;Sb5 .

·      ;d"xnfO{ ljwfgsf] lgwf{l/t kmd]{6 cg';f/ ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ u/fpg' kb{5 .

·      ;d"xsf] lgoldt a}7s !%–!% lbgdf jf !–! dlxgfsf] km/sdf a:g' kb{5 . cfjZos k/] c? ;dodf klg a}7s a:g' kb{5 . lgoldt a}7s a:g] ;do / :yfg k"j{ lgwf{l/t x'g' kb{5 . a}7sdf klxn] ul/Psf] sfdx?sf] ;ldIff / ca ul/g] sfdx? / ;d–;fdlos ;d:ofx?sf] af/]df 5nkmn ug'{ kb{5 .

·      ;d"xsf] 5fk agfpg' kb{5 .

·      ;d"x art sf]ifsf] :yfkgf u/L lgodfg';f/ ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 .

·      ;d"xsf] a}s vftf cWoIf / sf]ifWoIfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/df ;d"xsf] gfddf vf]Ng' kb{5 .

·      k|To]s ;b:o slDtdf Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf Pp6f ljsf; sfo{df ;xeflu x'g' kb{5 .

·      ;d"xdf /fd|f] sfd ug]{ ;lqmo ;b:onfO{ k'/:sf/ lbg] Joj:yf ug'[ kb{5 .

·      ;d"xsf] /fd|f] sfd ug]{ ;lqmo ;b:onfO{ k'/:sf/ lbg] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .

·      ;d"xsf] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df df};dL jf jflif{s sfo{qmd agfO{ sfof{gOog ug'{ kb{5 .

·      s'g} klg pTkfbgd'vL sfo{df ;d"xsf] :yfgLo >f]t ;fwgsf] ljsf; u/L /fd|f] ;Fu ;+rfng ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] afXo lge{/tf / pTkfbgsf] k|lt OsfO{ vr{ 36fpFb5 .

 

k'gZr M

   s[ifs ;d"xnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;+rfng ug{sf nfuL lkmN8 :t/df sfo{/t k|fljlwsx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf x'G5 . s[lif÷kz' k|fljlwsx? tyf ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx? ;d"xsf] a}7sdf clgjfo{ ?kdf pkl:ytL x'g' kb{5 t/ a}7sn] lng] lg0fo{ eg] ;d"xsf ;b:ox?nfO{ :jt M :km't{ ?kdf ug{ lbg' kb{5 . s[ifsx?sf] ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfox? ;dIf k'¥ofpg] / gofF k|ljlw Pj+ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox? s[ifsx? ;dIf k'¥ofpg] bfloTj s[lif k|fljlwsx?sf] xf] .